Western Sword Fern – Polystichum munitum

The sword fern (Polystichum munitum) is a broadleaf evergreen fern with several distinctive characteristics:

Fronds
The sword fern’s fronds are large, arching, and dark green, and can grow up to 6 feet long. They are pinnately compound, meaning they have one central stem with leaflets branching off on either side. The leaflets are sword-like, with pointed teeth and a small lobe at the base that resembles a saber.

Sori
The undersides of the fronds have yellowish spore cases, or sori, arranged in rows.

Fiddleheads
In the spring, the sword fern produces spiraled fiddleheads that unroll into new fronds.

Habitat
The sword fern is native to western North America and is commonly found in moist coniferous forests. It prefers partial to full shade and moist soil, but can survive dry periods once established.

Importance
The sword fern is important for providing nesting and cover for many birds, deer, and small mammals. Black bears also use the fronds as bedding for hibernation.